Knowing the type of kidney stone helps guide the best treatment choice. The most common crystalline materials found in kidney stones are calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, uric acid, and struvite. Renal stone analysis my side of the story dr mick henderson biochemical genetics leeds teaching hospitals trust. Novel methods of determining urinary calculi composition. Urine analysis appearance or color specific gravity ph leukocyte esterase nitrites urobilinogen bilirubin glucose ketones. A system of interpretation of infrared spectra of calculi for routine use in the clinical laboratory. In cystinecontaining stones identified by chemical analysis, urate was a major component while cystine was a minor component. Infected stones may lead to urosepsis and death 12. Calcium oxalate stones are the most common type of kidney stone. Accurate stone analysis distinguishes genuine stones from a range of artefactual materials such as unidenti.
The test is done on a kidney stone that has been passed in the urine or removed from the urinary tract during surgery. Pichette v, bonnardeaux a, cardinal j, houde m, nolin l, boucher a, ouimet d. Ct studies, the stone was subjected to chemical composition analysis using. Chemical and morphological analysis of kidney stones. Noncrystalline materials found in stones include proteins and blood. Chemical analysis of renal stones for oxalate calcium magnesium, ammonium and phosphate were performed as described by bradley and schurnann. Investigation of renal calculi 1urine analysis and urine culture it may show crystals, red blood cells, andor pus cells in urine 2stone analysis chemical analysis of stones is a simple test but is not an accurate method. Analysis of renal stones is still carried out in many.
In the wet chemistry method, dissolved stone material were analysed using automated chemistry analysers, whereas, the dry method. Kidney stones arup laboratories university of utah. Ftir spectroscopy has been used for urinary stones analysis. Analysis of chemical composition of urinary calculi can provide guidelines for the conservative management, as to avoiding the precipitating factor in diet, such as, redmeat for uric acid stones, tomatoes for oxalate stones and milk for calcium phosphate stones. Laboratory evaluation of kidney function sarah hackenmueller, phd clinical chemistry fellow may, 20.
Pdf evaluation of the chemical composition of renal stones. Pdf significance of analysing chemical composition of renal. The composition of urinary calculi stones may vary from a simple crystal to a complex mixture containing several different species of crystals. Aug 03, 2018 raman chemical imaging showed a good accuracy in comparison with infrared spectroscopy in identifying components of kidney stones. Nephrolithiasis, renal calculi, chemical composition, morphology. A study of the chemical composition of renal stones is important for understanding their etiology. Your healthcare provider can test your stones to find what type you have.
Kidney stone analysis is a test done on a kidney stone to see what chemicals are in it. Chemical analysis of stones and its significance in. Stone formation requires the formation of a nidus in the urinary tract, trapping of that nidus, and accretion upon the nidus to form a crystal structure large enough to cause clinical symptoms or be detected on imaging. The composition of the nidus center may be entirely different from that of the peripheral layers. Analysis of renal stones by ftir spectroscopy springerlink. A combined qualitative and quantitative procedure for the. Raman chemical imaging, a new tool in kidney stone. Although quantitative wa identifies the common stone components, it may miss rare and unidentified materials.
The aim of the study is to assess the composition of renal stones by non chemical analysis that is by use of computed tomography ct values in hounsfield units hu and to compare the results of biochemical stone analysis collected post surgically done in biochemistry lab. Low fluid intake a low fluid intake results in the production of concentrated urine, causing supersaturation and crystallisation of stone forming compounds. Kidney stones are a common illness with multifactorial etiopathogenesis. Kidney stone disease, also known as nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis, is when a solid piece of material kidney stone develops in the urinary tract. Best practice no 181 journal of clinical pathology. Determination of renal stone composition with dualenergy. Evaluation of the chemical composition of renal stones. Stereoscopic analysis of calculi stained with fluorescent alendronate probes.
A better understanding of the physico chemical principles underlying the formation of calculus has led to a need for more precise information on the chemical composition of stones. Pakistan has probably one of the highest incidences of renal stone disease. Kidney stone analysis techniques and the role of major and trace. The results were further compared based on the crew members. The aim of this paper is to compare chemical spot test with ftir spectroscopy, for. Your doctor will talk with you about treatment and prevention measures. This analysis was also useful in determining the organization of components within stones, which help locating constituents in low quantity, such as nuclei. Analysis by principal investigator next, the samples were sent to earth for chemical analysis.
Bacteriology and chemical composition of renal calculi accompanying urinary tract infection seema golechha, aruna solanki. This analysis was also useful in determining the organization of components within stones, which help locating constituents in. The chemical analysis of renal stones showed that 90. Qualitative chemical analysis and incidence of renal stone disease results. In the wet chemistry method, dissolved stone material were analysed using automated chemistry analysers, whereas, the dry method involved spot colour endpoint detection. There was however no data on the chemical composition of renal calculi from the population of western maharashtra, thus the present pilot study was undertaken to qualitatively analyze the. Eighty percent of patients with kidney stones have a. Diagnosis and initial management of kidney stones andrew j. Urolithiasis analysis in a multiethnic population at a. The routine, easy and rapid measurements give unambiguous information. Genetic versus environmental factors in renal stone disease. Acute kidney failure was reported in cats and dogs fed melaminetainted pet food, which eventually caused their death 2.
There are many advances in genetics, pathophysiology, diagnostic imaging, medical treatment, medical prevention, and surgical intervention of nephrolithiasis. Although investigators in previous studies have assessed the chemical compositions of renal stones in vitro 6 9, to our knowledge, the researchers in only one study 10 have presented findings from in vivo dualenergy ct assessment of renal stone composition with postoperative ex vivo xray diffraction validation of those findings. Bacteriology and chemical composition of renal calculi. The study concluded that it is important to know the chemical composition of stone as it is useful in advising people.
All the stones contained oxalate 100% and calcium was present in 99. Kidney stone disease is a common health problem in industrialized nations. Qualitative analysis of human kidney stone samples using. There are two basic aspects in the pathogenesis of renal stones. Recurrence rates are estimated to be as high as 50%, giving credence to the old adage once a stone former, always a stone former. This study compared the use of 2 methods for the analysis of renal stones. The determination of crystalline and molecular composition and the quantification of all stone components are important to establish the etiology of stones disease but it is often laborious to obtain using the chemical method. Stone analysis testing methods chemical methods destructive and need several mg of sample cannot distinguish mineral constituents with. A combined qualitative and quantitative procedure for the chemical analysis of urinary calculi which is suitable for routine use is presented. Research on urinary stones has been performed continuously. Stone analysis may miss the original nidus as many as 10% of the stones formed by cystinurics contain no detectable cystine milliner ds, 1990, endocrinol metab clin north am 19.
The chemical analysis of kidney stones has shown that 90. About 80% of kidney stones are made of calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, or a combination of both. Drinking enough fluids will thin out your urine and make it harder for chemicals to build up and form crystals. Comparison of infrared and wet chemical analysis of urinary tract calculi. The presence of stones in the urinary tract increases the likelihood of infection because. Methods fiftyeight urinary calculi belonging to saudi n46 and nonsaudi n12 patients resident in aljouf province of saudi arabia were used for chemical analysis. Department of biochemistry, krishna institute of medical sciences and research centre, karad, india. Wet chemical analysis wa is the most widely employed technique. A better understanding of the physio chemical principles underlying the formation of kidney stone has led to a need for more precise information on the chemical composition of stones. Department of pharmaceutical technology, niet, knowledge parkii, greater noida, uttar pradesh, india.
The principal investigator pi studied the urine chemistry of the crew members to determine the risk of renal stone development in each individual. The formation of stones in the urinary tract stems from a wide range of underlying disorders. The composition of renal stones analyzed by infrared spectroscopy. Analysis of renal stones may help in elucidating the pathogenesis of nephrolithiasis. Melaminetainted milk affected tens of thousands of chinese children during 2008 to 2009 causing altered renal function due to the formation of kidney stones 1. By analysis of 100 stones the chemical composition. Pdf determination of the chemical constituents of kidney stones aids to establish the etiology of stones disease. Pdf chemical analysis of stones and its significance in. Significance of analysing chemical composition of renal stones. Information on the composition of renal calculi is important in understanding the pathophysiology of urolithiasis.
Analysis of biochemical profile of renal stones referred. One method is qualitative dry spot tests whereas the other is quantitative wet chemistry. The aim of this paper is to compare chemical spot test with ftir. It is not uncommon for a stone to contain more than one crystalline component. Dec 01, 2012 numerous approaches are available to analyze kidney stones. There was no statistical difference in chemical composition of the stones when comparing patients by age or gender. A problem with these methods is that their inter pretation is subjective, and practice is needed if reliable results are to be obtained. The incidence in males and females was in the ratio of 3. Finally ftir spectral results were compared with the biochemical analysis result to confirm the chemical constituents present in the renal stones. Genitourinary imaging determination of renal stone. Pdf chemical analysis of kidney stones in northern jordan. The composition and quantitative analysis of urinary.
Fluorescencebased probe analysis of renal stones at the macroscopic level produced inconclusive results. That clinicians look for the underlying causes for nephrolithiasis is imperative to direct management. Effects of water uptake on melamine renal stone formation. Classification of renal stones according to chemical composition as detectable by dualenergy ct stone type, stone subtype calcium stones, calcium oxalate noncalcium stones uric acid cystine hydroxyapatite infective stones mixed stones cystine and hydroxyapatite uric acid and hydroxyapatite a fig. This suggests cystine stones may easily be confused with urate stones if submitted to chemical analysis only. Analysis of chemical composition of urinary calculi from. The therapy for the renal stone disease is also based on analysis of calculi, and by the help of chemical composition, proper management of the disease, and prevention of its recurrence is possible. Chemical analysis of stones and its significance in urolithiasis. Chemical analysis of stones and its significance in urolithiasis pushpa durgawale, anissa shariff, anup hendre, sangita patil, ajit sontakke. The analysis of chemical composition of renal stones showed that all the analysed. To study the biochemical analysis of kidney stone by using ftir spectroscopy in the patients with renal calculosis.
Determination of renal stone composition with dualenergy ct. Chemical analysis of a kidney stone shows the type of stone which can guide treatment and give information that may prevent more stones from forming. Eighty percent of patients with kidney stones have a history of recurrent stone formation. Morphological characteristics and microstructure of kidney stones. Raman chemical imaging, a new tool in kidney stone structure. A better understanding of the physiochemical principles underlying the formation of kidney stone has led to a need for more precise information on the chemical composition of stones. After surgery, the extracted stones were analyzed by using xray diffraction. Kidney stones typically form in the kidney and leave the body in the urine stream. Today, up to 12% of men and 5% of women will develop at least one kidney stone by age 70. Chemical analysis of renal stones kashif bangash, farwa shigri, ahsan jamal, khursheed anwar pakistan institute of medical sciences islamabad, krl hospital islamabad background. To study the biochemical analysis of kidney stone by using. There was however no data on the chemical composition of renal calculi from the population of western maharashtra, thus the present pilot study was undertaken to qualitatively analyze the renal stones with the relationship between the sex, age group and location of uroliths in patients of urolithiasis and gather some information in this regard.
Raman chemical imaging showed a good accuracy in comparison with infrared spectroscopy in identifying components of kidney stones. A knowledge of chemical composition of renal stones may be of great importance both as a guide for the clinical management and also for better understanding of. It is important to study the chemical composition and morphology of kidney stones as elemental composition of the stone as well as the function. Renal stone disease, chemical analysis, dietary habits. Urinary stone prevalence is estimated at 3% in all individuals, and it affects up to 12% of the population during their lifetime. This study goes beyond previous local studies by including analysis of the chemical composition of the renal calculi. A combined qualitative procedure for the chemical analysis of renal stone which is suitable for routine use is presented. The routine, easy and rapid measurements give unambiguous. And the therapy for the stone disease is usually based on the analysis of calculi, permitting a porper management of the disease and the prevention of its recurrence. Investigation of urinary crystals by fourier transform infrared microscopy. The incidence of kidney stones, an extremely painful urologic disorder associated with significant morbidity, has been increasing in the u. Effective treatments have included liquid supply and alkalization of urine 3, and only in. It is based on analysis of 95 renal stones received in a private lab in kathmandu over a period of 1. Increased urinary excretion of stone forming elements like calcium, phosphorus, uric acid, oxalate, and cystine 2.
693 1636 293 1601 621 36 746 249 443 1491 512 934 925 613 1488 68 674 458 1277 247 1272 441 1214 537 1318 248 118 1397 416 549 502 859